Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Adrenoleukodystrophy Essay free essay sample

Adrenoleukodystrophy Adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disease that is passed on from mother to son. ALD is an X-linked disorder. That means it affects only males and is transmitted by a female carrier. This disorder is called X-linked since the genetic abnormality involves the X-chromosome. Women have two X-chromosomes while men only have one. In women, the affected X-chromosome, the one with the gene for ALD does not become active because of the presence of a normal copy of the gene on the other X-chromosome. Men have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome. In men who have an X- chromosome for X-ALD, there is no other X- chromosome for protection. ALD affects the nervous system in the brain. The disease strips away the coating or the covering of the nerves this covering is called myelin. What causes this to happen is the accumulation of long chain fatty acids that accumulate the brain and the adrenal glands. We will write a custom essay sample on Adrenoleukodystrophy Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The body normally produces these fatty acids but they are broken down by proteins in the peroxisome in cells but in people with ALD this does not happen. The most common sing that a person has ALD is personality and behavioral changes. Followed by learning disabilities, vision problems, attention deficit disorder, short and long-term memory loss, and loss of coordination or gait. There is not a cure for ALD but there is a medicine that can slow down the process. The most famous cure is called Lorenzo oil this oil was developed by Augusto and michaela Odone, Lorenzo’s parents. When Lorenzo was first diagnosed with ALD they were told there was not a whole lot that could be done because there was not allot of information about the disease because it was relatively new. The doctors tried radiation therapy that and other experimental treatments with no luck. In the end the only thing that was done for the Lorenzo was he was put on a diet that was very strict and lacked all fatty acids that contributed to the ALD. While the Adone’s watched his condition get worse and his fatty acid levels rise. The quality of Lorenzo’s like decreased drastically Lorenzo was reduced to a vegetable state, but they could not just let their son die. The Adone’s were not happy with the progress of the doctors because they wanted to keep ALD kids on the diet for a long time to see the results while the Adone’s want a quick cure. The only help they were offered was other doctors and support groups that did nothing to find a cure. They were very angered with the doctors and support gropes that did nothing but sat on their hands afraid to over step their boundaries. The Adone’s took it upon them selves to find a cure so Mr. Odone went to the library to learn everything he could about ALD and biochemistry he could so he could understand the disease better. He first came up with a type of olive oil that lowered the acid level about fifty percent. But sadly the level’s stayed at fifty percent. So Mr. Odone started all over again and this time he found a way to bring down the Lorenzo’s fatty acid level even lower, but the only problem was Mr. Odone needed was a mixture of olive oil and boric acid. Boric acid was not safe for human consumption and there was no doctor in the U. S. that would give any to the Odone’s due to its potential danger. So he then turned his search over seas to England where he found a doctor that would make some for them. Once Lorenzo started to take the mixture he started improve and his fatty acid level dropped to zero. Lorenzo is still alive to day and his miracle cure â€Å"Lorenzo’s oil† is use Adrenoleukodystrophy Adrenoleukodystrophy Adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disease that is passed on from mother to son. ALD is an X-linked disorder. That means it affects only males and is transmitted by a female carrier. This disorder is called X-linked since the genetic abnormality involves the X-chromosome. Women have two X-chromosomes while men only have one. In women, the affected X-chromosome, the one with the gene for ALD does not become active because of the presence of a normal copy of the gene on the other X-chromosome. Men have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome. In men who have an X- chromosome for X-ALD, there is no other X- chromosome for protection. ALD affects the nervous system in the brain. The disease strips away the coating or the covering of the nerves this covering is called myelin. What causes this to happen is the accumulation of long chain fatty acids that accumulate the brain and the adrenal glands. The body normally produces these fatty acids but they are broken down by proteins in the peroxisome in cells but in people with ALD this does not happen. The most common sing that a person has ALD is personality and behavioral changes. Followed by learning disabilities, ision problems, attention deficit disorder, short and long-term memory loss, and loss of coordination or gait. There is not a cure for ALD but there is a medicine that can slow down the process. The most famous cure is called Lorenzo oil this oil was developed by Augusto and michaela Odone, Lorenzo’s parents. When Lorenzo was first diagnosed with ALD they were told there was not a whole lot that could be done because there was not allot of information about the disease because it was relatively new. The doctors tried radiation therapy that and other experimental treatments with no luck. In the end the only thing that was done for the Lorenzo was he was put on a diet that was very strict and lacked all fatty acids that contributed to the ALD. While the Adone’s watched his condition get worse and his fatty acid levels rise. The quality of Lorenzo’s like decreased drastically Lorenzo was reduced to a vegetable state, but they could not just let their son die. The Adone’s were not happy with the progress of the doctors because they wanted to keep ALD kids on the diet for a long time to see the results while the Adone’s want a quick cure. The only help they were offered was other doctors and support groups that did nothing to find a cure. They were very angered with the doctors and support gropes that did nothing but sat on their hands afraid to over step their boundaries. The Adone’s took it upon them selves to find a cure so Mr. Odone went to the library to learn everything he could about ALD and biochemistry he could so he could understand the disease better. He first came up with a type of olive oil that lowered the acid level about fifty percent. But sadly the level’s stayed at fifty percent. So Mr. Odone started all over again and this time he found a way to bring down the Lorenzo’s fatty acid level even lower, but the only problem was Mr. Odone needed was a mixture of olive oil and boric acid. Boric acid was not safe for human consumption and there was no doctor in the U. S. that would give any to the Odone’s due to its potential danger. So he then turned his search over seas to England where he found a doctor that would make some for them. Once Lorenzo started to take the mixture he started improve and his fatty acid level dropped to zero. Lorenzo is still alive to day and his miracle cure â€Å"Lorenzo’s oil† is use

Saturday, November 23, 2019

kindred spirits essays

kindred spirits essays Collin Bogle grew up in Northwestern Washington. As a kid he liked to spend his time outdoors, fishing, roller-blading, or riding his mountain bike. His father, Lee Bogle, was an art teacher in high school and even when Collin showed extraordinary artistic abilities it was still thought that he would be an accountant. Lee Bogle was absolutely amazed with Collins ability. Today both Lee and Collin Bogle are professional artists. Both father and son live in Seattle and live 10 minutes apart. They both excel at realistic detail, if you saw their art, however, no one would guess their close connection. Lee Bogle, after painting wildlife subjects most of his life, has moved back to his first love- the human figure. He is best known for his Native American depictions in flowing backgrounds. Now he has shifted to ballet dancers. Unlike his father, Collin Bogle has moved toward wildlife. He takes adventures through the woods near his house with a camera looking for surprises. Drawing and painting were major passions for Lee Bogle, even in childhood. He pursued his art during evenings and weekends for twenty years while teaching during the day. He worked in stained glass, pottery, and even dipped into sculpture. His portrait work provided supplemental income for the family. As the demand for his prints increased, the tedious hand-coloring process consumed his time. So he hired Collin, his teenage son, as an apprentice. He assisted his father for several years, learning color and many techniques. Next, Lee experimented with oil pastel drawings against the free- form colors of the wash. He found the combination of abstract backgrounds and detailed drawings suited him. Eventually he moved to human figures as subjects. When Collin was still young he never imagined a career in art. Even after winning the most likely to succeed in art award he still never imagined pursuing anything. It wasn ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Forced medication in mental health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Forced medication in mental health - Essay Example Scholars in the nursing professions have emphasized the inconsistency and contradiction between forced medication or involuntary treatment and components of professional ethical guidelines. Ethical codes usually require freewill or constraint in the part of clients only when threat is probable and imminent. Other scholars firmly oppose this observed contradiction between nursing principles and involuntary treatment; they refer to the right of clients to treatment, not only his/her right to say no to medication, as an essential matter (Freckelton & Lesser, 2003). Yet others argue that taking a stand in this debate draws away the attention of mental health professionals from more crucial issues about the quality of mental health services. Judgments aside, for a large number of mental health professionals, exercising involuntary treatments or forcible medications has become an essential part of their professional obligations. These professionals may frequently admit clients under involu ntary directives or assist court orders for outpatient treatment and medication (Hayes et al., 2007). Numerous professionals are now confronted with the challenge of discussing complicated and problematic decisions with clients who pursue treatment under court orders. Similarly, because forced medication for mental disorder is perhaps as persistent as mental disorder itself, numerous mental health clients with severe and chronic mental disorders will undergo such medication over the course of their disorder (Freckelton & Lesser, 2003). Usually, forced mental health procedures may be given as a ‘crisis stabilization’ type of hospitalization in case of probable threat to the client or to others (Shally-Jensen, 2013, 369). Several states are increasingly implementing outpatient authorized treatment that preferably administers ‘assisted treatment’ (Shally-Jensen, 2013, 369) with additional resources and further implications if treatment procedures are not follo wed. Moral and Ethical Issues of Forced Medication in Mental Health Care Mental disorder can be a dreadful misfortune affecting not just the patient but family members, communities, and the society as well. Numerous mentally ill individuals do not have the capacity to take care of or protect themselves, and they could be a threat to themselves or others. In Canada, custodians or substitutes should make treatment decisions for them. Making treatment decisions for those who have mental disorders raises several moral, ethical, and legal issues (Swartz & Swanson, 2004). Several of the disturbing questions are as follows (Devettere, 2010, 111): Is it moral to place the mentally ill in institutions against their will simply because they might harm themselves or others? Is it moral to force treatment on them, most especially drugs or surgery or shock treatments, against their will? Is their informed consent for treatment truly voluntary if we have made it clear to them that they will be co nfined to an institution if they do not accept the treatment? Mental disorder is an ambiguously defined concept. It includes a broad array of disorder from the fairly mild to severe, and the classifications applied by the American Psychiatric Association are quite broad that health care professionals have great latitude in making a diagnosis of patients’ behavioral patterns (Devettere, 2010, 111). This makes it particularly crucial to take into account the ethical or moral repercussions of involuntary treatment or forced